Gia Dinh administrative center dates back to 1623 with the first tax collection stations of the Nguyen government located in Cau Kho area, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City today.
The original map of Gia Dinh citadel drawn on December 4, 1815 by Chief of Mission Tran Van Hoc presented to King Gia Long
In 1698, Lord Nguyen Phuc Chu established Gia Dinh palace, the capital was located in Tan Khai village (now located in the area of Ham Nghi and Nguyen Trung Truc streets).
In 1775, before the attack of Lord Trinh and Tay Son movement, Nguyen Anh had to leave Phu Xuan and choose Gia Dinh as the capital, turning this place into the center of political, military, economic power. culture until the completion of the task of pacifying the world (1802).
Structure and scale of Gia Dinh citadel
The event that Nguyen Anh built Gia Dinh citadel (also known as Bat Quai citadel, Quy citadel, Phien An citadel) was recorded by the Nguyen Dynasty's official history as follows: On Ky Ox day, March 1790, Gia Dinh citadel was built. The king saw that the old citadel in Tan Khai village was narrow, and the table was enlarged. For example: "If a king defends the country, he must first place the dangerous place. Now that Gia Dinh land has just been conquered, it is necessary to repair the citadel to make it sustainable so that the base can be strong.Nguyen Anh mobilized more than 30,000 villagers and mainly used Bien Hoa laterite to build the citadel, which was completed in 10 days. The citadel was built in the style of the Western Vauban citadel (by Oliver de Puymanel, a French engineer and engineer assigned to design and build by Nguyen Anh), with eight doors open, the palace in the middle, the Thai Mieu house on the left. Behind the temple is a treasure house, on the right is a manufacturing department, surrounded by cottages for the military guards to live in. In the middle, a three-story stage is erected, on the top is an octagonal tower. During the day, the flag is pulled, and at night, the lights are pulled to signal the troops. The citadel was finished and called the Imperial Citadel of Gia Dinh.
In 1800, Gia Long renamed Kinh from Gia Dinh to Gia Dinh town. Gia Dinh citadel by Trinh Hoai Duc has very detailed records on the planning, structure, system of architectural works, infrastructure of Gia Dinh citadel as well as urban activities in the citadel in 1816 Map sources
show that, in order to protect Gia Dinh citadel, there are two large military posts in front of the Saigon river mouth called Ca Tre (Giac Ngu) garrison located on the left in the Thu new urban area. The present Thiem and the Thao Cau station are located to the right of the present Saigon Port area. Both of these vestiges were destroyed by modern construction activities without any survey.
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Location of Gia Dinh citadel in 1790 on today's satellite map of Ho Chi Minh City
Le Van Khoi's rebellion and the demolition of Gia Dinh Citadel
After the left army of Gia Dinh Governor Le Van Duyet died, his adopted son Le Van Khoi conducted a riot in 1833. At times, Minh Mang's court seemed powerless, in danger of being divided. when they could not quell the rebellion because Le Van Khoi occupied the fortified Gia Dinh citadel and most of the southern provinces, causing many consequences: in the country, the army was depleted, the economy was destroyed...; Outside the border of the Siamese invaders, the Cambodian border guards also betrayed. It was not until mid-1835 that the riot was quelled.In July 1835, after finishing the Le Van Khoi rebellion, Minh Mang ordered the destruction of Phien An citadel. The king told Bo Cong: "First, the model was too tall and wide. It was really because Le Van Duyet misappropriated, surpassed, to cause disaster later. Now the treacherous bandit is quiet, it should be fixed. Because they just got it back, the soldiers were just happy to rest, so they shouldn't be in a hurry to use their strength. So, if you ask the Gia Dinh province to hire people in the county, first flatten the mountains and build up land outside the city; but they are loyal and in the city do not repair hastily, waste labor. After that, the provincial government asked to hire 3,000 people in the county, and people from Vinh Long and Dinh Tuong provinces of 1,000 people each, unload bricks, stones, level trenches and ramparts. King medical give (Dai Nam Thuc Luc).
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Laterite wall of Gia Dinh Citadel in 1790 discovered at the corner of Le Thanh Ton - Dong Khoi street today
Traces of Success
Based on the drawings of Bishop Tran Van Hoc, along with some existing vestiges, in 1936, the famous French archaeologist Louis Malleret had the first descriptive study of the structure "Citadel of St. Gia Long”: “The citadel was built on an area of a quadrilateral with the sides of 1,000 m x 1,200 m, bordering on the northwest by Richaud street (now Nguyen Dinh Chieu street); the southeast crosses Espagne street (now Le Thanh Ton street); The southwest crosses Max Mahon Street (now Nam Ky Khoi Nghia Street), in the present Phu Toan Square, the north - northeast borders Luso Avenue (now Ton Duc Thang Street extending through Dinh Tien Hoang Street). ).According to him, Gia Dinh citadel has a wall structure on four sides, gates, corner fortresses and middle fortresses with surrounding moats for defense.
In 1877, when digging the foundation to build the Basilica, people collected bricks, stones, wood, zinc coins, guns... In 1926, when digging the foundation to build Catinat, many laterite "Bien Hoa" was discovered. at the corner of Dong Khoi - Ly Tu Trong street (today). In 1936, many relics of the ruined citadel were discovered within the area of Don Dat Hospital (now Children's Hospital 2) and the corner of Ly Tu Trong - Chu Manh Trinh street (today).
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